Informatics Publishing Limited

Alekh Kumar Sahu ¹, Abdul Alim Khan ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Law, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G.- 492010, IN

Abstract

The struggle on 'minority issues' in India is for the rights of minority members' as equal citizens of India, especially in regard to the ethno-religious plurality recognized in the Constitution. The politics of majoritarianism practiced by the combined Hindutva front consisting of the Bhartiya Janata Party, the Shiva Sena, and other frontal organizations like the RSS, VHP and Bajrang Dal of the Sangh Parivar are causing fear and apprehension among the Christian-Muslim minorities as they would be marginalized and discriminated if such politics gain national power. Over the last decade and a half, such politics practiced in the name of majority have been attempting to construct a 'homogeneous' Indian identity basing itself on the majority religious ethos that can provide a cultural unity to the Indian nation-state. By articulating Hindutva explicitly as an ideology of cultural nationalism, they seek to divest India's established secular and culturally inclusive egalitarian national ethos. At the same time of oppose such political approach is reverted back by some political parties to safeguard rights of minorities with ulterior motive for the gain sake of sympathy of minorities. Thus infused with a strong missionary zeal of unitary nationalism Hindutva seeks to legitimize majority communalism in the name of nationalism. Such an attempt therefore stands against the national politics of democracy and secularism that protects the cultural ethos and practices of the minorities. Therefore Gurpreet Mahajan emphasizes that in India minority rights were granted to safeguard 'against the possibility of the state assimilating minority religious communities.

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Alekh Kumar Sahu ¹, Abdul Alim Khan ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Law, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.), 492010, IN

Abstract

When Islam reached India, it found a fertile ground, took ischolar_mains and grew. Already during the caliphate of Umar the first Muslim merchant fleet appeared in Indian waters. Before kutub-ud-din aibek took the reigns in Delhi, Muslims of Malabar had established themselves and were controlling the maritime trade. Muslim Arabs first settled on the Malabar Coast at about the end of the 7^th century. Most of the Muslim conquerors who established rule in India, adopted a policy of tolerance. From 1000-1001 AD till the death of emperor Aurangzeb, the Muslim empire of India spread from the Sind regions in the west of India till the region of Bengal and from Kashmir to Ceylon. Mostly it was the Persianized Islam that dominated the political and social scene in India where Persian prose and poetry flourished. During this time the mystical leaders contributed to the spread of Islam. Many new things were introduced to India like Unani system of medicine, textiles industries and newer forms of agriculture.

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Shiv Kumar Kurrey ¹, Abdul Alim Khan ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Law, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, IN

Abstract

Indian Railways is a government owned organization responsible for providing transportation of passenger and freight services in India. Ministry of Railways is solely responsible for the operation of Indian Railways. Indian Railways is the fourth largest railway network in the world. Indian Railways is the world's eighth biggest employer. It comprises of enormous length of track and absolute volume of passenger traffic, it becomes an unavoidable obligation or requirement on the part of the Indian Railways to provide quickly and effectively passenger services with infallible safety and security. This research paper will test the advantages and disadvantages of CCTV cameras installed in Indian Railways for surveillance systems, examining their role in crime prevention against the passengers and providing them foolproof safety and protection. The study is based primarily on “19^th Report on Passenger Amenities and Passenger Safety In Indian Railways” given by Standing Committee on Railways (2012-13) (fifteenth Lok Sabha) Ministry of Railways (Railway Board) and observations of CCTV installations in Indian Railways. The Report comprises of the two parts. Part I having VII Chapters. Chapter I to VI consist of Introduction on classification of amenities provided, categorization of stations. Passenger Reservation System, Ticketing Staff Training and Linen Management. Part II is exclusively on Recommendations given by the Standing Committee. The effect of the recommendations and their effect are summarized at the end of the research paper.

Keywords

CCTV Surveillance System, Haymarket and Glasgow Attacks, Passenger Amenities and Passenger Safety in Indian Railways, Ministry of Railways, Railway Board, Security Helpline, Integrated Security System.

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Jayant Minj ¹, Abdul Alim Khan ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Law, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, IN

Abstract

Ragging is uniquely an Indian phenomenon. Present day students are countries future valuable assets. Behind the façade of “welcoming” new students to college, ragging in actually is a notorious practice. The word ragging means the act of by which the senior students does an act against the will of the junior students which includes practical jokes, introduction, forcing them to call them sir/madam, dress code any such acts which are against their will. Generally ragging is focused o the new comers to the college. The act of ragging is against the human rights of individual student. Since time immemorial and despite several measures undertaken, including the legal regime established, achieving a ragging free environment is still a distant dream.
The Indian Constitution of 1950 guarantees number of fundamental rights to citizens and others. Most important of them are the Right to Equality, Right to Freedoms including the Right to Life and Personal Liberty, and the Right against Exploitation. In so far as ragging is concerned all the aforementioned fundamental rights would be violation by any act of ragging. To eradicate ill practice of ragging various anti ragging Laws have been framed by different states.

Keywords

Ragging, Constitution, Right to Equality, Right to Freedoms, Right Against Exploitation, Anti Ragging Laws.

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